IPS冰剖面仪：海冰研究：与北极发展有关的最新发现和突出问题
Abstract
Sea-ice research has made great progress over the past thirty to forty years due in large part to improved measurements arising from earth observing satellites and year-long continuous measurements of the underside of sea ice from below using subsurface instrumented moorings. The geometry of sea-ice is highly variable and complex with horizontal scale sizes of discrete sea-ice floes ranging from one meter or less to 50 km or more. The vertical scale size, or ice thickness, which is much harder to measure, ranges from 5 cm or less to over 50 m. Seaice motion is highly dynamic within the Arctic as indicated by large spatial variations over distance scales ranging from tens of meters to several thousand kilometers (basin scale) as well as on seasonal and interannual time scales. Large internal ice stress conditions can develop which result in the cessation of sea-ice motion which can also impede ship movements through the sea-ice. Given the highly deformed and fractured nature of the floating sea-ice cover, very different responses to nearly identical wind forcing of sea-ice floes can occur over distances as small as a few kilometers. The improved understandings of the sea-ice regime as realized from past, present, and future Arctic research, is essential to realizing the goal of safe and sustainable Arctic activities.
摘要：
在过去的三四十年里，海冰研究取得了巨大进展，这在很大程度上归功于地球观测卫星的改进测量以及使用地下仪器系泊从下方对海冰底部进行的长达一年的连续测量。海冰的几何形状是高度可变和复杂的，离散海冰浮冰的水平尺度大小从1米或更小到50公里或更大不等。垂直尺度大小或冰厚度更难测量，范围从5厘米或更小到50米以上。北极海冰运动是高度动态的，这从几十米到几千公里（盆地尺度）的距离尺度以及季节和年际时间尺度上的巨大空间变化中可见一斑。可能会出现较大的内部冰应力条件，导致海冰运动停止，这也会阻碍船舶在海冰中的运动。考虑到浮冰覆盖层的高度变形和断裂性质，在短短几公里的距离内，对几乎相同的浮冰风力的反应可能会非常不同。从过去、现在和未来的北极研究中认识到的对海冰状况的更好理解，对于实现安全和可持续的北极活动目标至关重要。
关键词：IPS冰剖面仪，ASL IPS海冰，声学冰厚度监测，声学后向散射，海洋探测，北极冰研究，回声探测。
