SM2BAT+：声学指标、人类噪声、生物声学、生物鸣声、蝉鸣、聚类分析、数据降维、蝙蝠活动比较：人工管理的中部硬木林中的活动差异
Abstract
Bats exploit forest resources based on species-specific adaptations, resulting in differences in activity across forested landscapes. Forest management practices alter forests, impacting species differently and presumably affecting bat activity. Application of forest management that promotes species-specific bat conservation requires further understanding of bat response to silvicultural practices. We surveyed timber harvest treatments on two Indiana State Forests to compare bat activity across forest management treatments, in forests adjacent to harvests, and at locations across the harvest-forest gradient from May to July in 2013 and 2014. We used Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BATþ detectors and Kaleidoscope Pro analysis software to survey bats in relation to four treatment types: clear cut, patch cut, shelterwood preparatory cut, and intact forest. Detectors were deployed at two points within each treatment and three points on the forested periphery of treatments and recorded for three consecutive nights. We examined bat activity using N-mixture models that estimate abundance and probability of detection for an open population and used Akaike’s Information Criterion to select the best models. Based on identification of acoustic calls, eastern red bats and hoary bats were more active in harvest treatments than control treatments. Big brown, eastern red, and tri-colored bats were most active at harvest edges. Northern long-eared and Indiana/little brown bats were most active at harvest edges and in adjacent forest and hoary bats were most active at harvest centers. Differences in bat activity across these managed forests suggest bat assemblages benefit from management that employs an array of silvicultural methods, provides edge habitat, and maintains adjacent forest stands. Our results can be used to predict effects of forest management practices on species-specific bat activity to maximize bat usage of forests.
摘要：
蝙蝠基于特定物种的适应性来开发森林资源，导致森林景观中的活动存在差异。森林管理实践改变了森林，对物种的影响不同，可能还会影响蝙蝠的活动。应用促进特定物种蝙蝠保护的森林管理需要进一步了解蝙蝠对造林实践的反应。2013年和2014年5月至7月，我们调查了印第安纳州两个森林的木材采伐处理，以比较不同森林管理处理、采伐附近森林和采伐森林梯度上的蝙蝠活动。我们使用Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BAT探测器和Kaleidoscope Pro分析软件对蝙蝠进行了四种处理类型的调查：皆伐、斑伐、防护林预备采伐和完整森林。在每个处理区内的两个点和处理区周围森林覆盖的三个点部署了探测器，并连续记录了三个晚上。我们使用估计开放种群丰度和检测概率的N-混合模型来检查蝙蝠活动，并使用Akaike的信息标准来选择最佳模型。根据对声音叫声的识别，东部红蝙蝠和白蝙蝠在收获处理中比对照处理更活跃。棕色、东红色和三色蝙蝠在收获边缘最为活跃。北部长耳蝙蝠和印第安那州/小棕蝙蝠在收获边缘和邻近森林最为活跃，而灰蝙蝠在收获中心最为活跃。这些管理森林中蝙蝠活动的差异表明，蝙蝠群落受益于采用一系列造林方法、提供边缘栖息地和维护邻近林分的管理。我们的研究结果可用于预测森林管理实践对特定物种蝙蝠活动的影响，以最大限度地利用森林中的蝙蝠。
关键词：SM2BAT+ 蝙蝠声学记录仪，Wildlife Acoustics，野生动物声学记录，野生动物监测
