标题：SM4BAT-FS论文：涡轮机运行的噪音暴露量化了商业风能设施中蝙蝠的风险
Abstract
Turbine‐related bat mortality at commercial wind energy facilities may threaten populations of
migratory tree‐roosting bat species in North America. Industry stakeholders and regulatory agencies alike are investigating strategies to reduce risk of population‐level consequences as the wind energy industry grows. Bats collide with turbines only when turbine rotors are spinning and curtailing turbine operation at low wind speeds can effectively reduce bat fatality rates. Nonetheless, few quantitative data exist to determine appropriate threshold wind speeds below which turbine operations should be curtailed. Carcass monitoring is labor‐intensive and does not provide information on factors linked to bat fatality rates on any scale finer than nightly. We tested whether acoustic bat data recorded at turbine nacelles could provide a more precise and sensitive measure of fatality risk to bats by analyzing acoustics, weather, turbine operation, and carcass data collected at 2 commercial wind energy facilities in West Virginia over 7 years. Each wind facility implemented several distinct curtailment treatments during our study, allowing us to compare fatality rates and acoustic bat activity across multiple operational strategies. We found that bat passes exposed to turbine operation explained close to 80% of the variation in carcass‐ based estimates of bat fatality rates and accounted for significant variation in raw carcass counts per turbine and probability of finding bat carcasses during individual turbine searches. Conversely, bat activity occurring when turbines were not operating had little or no relationship to fatality rates. We also found that patterns in bat activity exposure could be predicted accurately among turbines and years. Our results demonstrate that measuring exposure of acoustic bat activity provides a quantitative basis for designing, evaluating, and adaptively managing curtailment strategies. This is an important advance towards using curtailment to reduce bat fatality rates strategically while allowing for increased generation of renewable energy. © 2021 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
KEY WORDS: acoustic monitoring, aerosphere, bat mortality, informed curtailment, West Virginia, wind energy.
摘要：
商业风能设施中与涡轮机相关的蝙蝠死亡率可能会威胁到北美迁徙的树栖蝙蝠种群。随着风能行业的发展，行业利益相关者和监管机构都在研究降低人口层面后果风险的策略。蝙蝠只有在涡轮机转子旋转时才会与涡轮机碰撞，在低风速下限制涡轮机运行可以有效降低蝙蝠死亡率。尽管如此，很少有定量数据可以确定适当的阈值风速，低于该阈值风速时，应减少涡轮机的运行。尸体监测是劳动密集型的，不能提供任何比夜间更精细的蝙蝠死亡率相关因素的信息。我们通过分析7年来在西弗吉尼亚州2个商业风能设施收集的声学、天气、涡轮机运行和尸体数据，测试了在涡轮机机舱记录的蝙蝠声学数据是否可以提供更精确和敏感的蝙蝠死亡风险测量。在我们的研究中，每个风力发电设施都实施了几种不同的弃风处理，使我们能够比较多种运营策略的死亡率和蝙蝠活动。我们发现，暴露在涡轮机运行中的蝙蝠通行证解释了基于尸体的蝙蝠死亡率估计值的近80%的变化，并解释了每个涡轮机的原始尸体数量和在单个涡轮机搜索中发现蝙蝠尸体的概率的显著变化。相反，涡轮机不运行时发生的蝙蝠活动与死亡率几乎没有关系。我们还发现，蝙蝠活动暴露的模式可以在涡轮机和年份之间准确预测。我们的研究结果表明，测量蝙蝠活动的声暴露为设计、评估和自适应管理削减策略提供了定量依据。这是利用弃风策略降低蝙蝠死亡率的重要进展，同时允许增加可再生能源的发电量。©2021作者。威利期刊有限责任公司代表野生动物学会出版的《野生动物学会公报》。
关键词：Wildlife Acoustics，SM4BAT-FS，声学监测、大气层、蝙蝠死亡率、知情削减、蝙蝠声学监测记录，野外动物声学监测
