串联要点：自由放牧牛群心率与整体动态体表加速度之间的关系
Abstract
Monitoring physiological indicators including heart rate (HR) is crucial for managing animal welfare across diverse settings, from precision livestock farming to wildlife conservation. HR is a reliable indicator of energy expenditure and stress, yet the invasive nature of HR loggers limits their application in wild and free-ranging species. This study explores whether overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), measured with an external accelerometer, can serve as a less invasive proxy for HR. Using free-ranging cattle as a model species in Norway, we examined the relationship between ODBA and HR to assess how external accelerometry might indirectly reflect physiological states in settings that resemble wild conditions. Cattle provide an ideal model because they share some characteristics with wild herbivores, including exposure to diverse terrain and potential predation, whilst offering advantages for handling and sensor retrieval. Our findings showed that low ODBA values corresponded to static behaviours (e.g. standing, ruminating), where small movements caused HR spikes, whilst higher ODBA reflected dynamic activities (e.g. walking, foraging), with HR plateauing. This relationship suggests that ODBA can be used to approximate HR in environments where direct HR measurement is challenging. By using accelerometry to infer HR changes in free-ranging cattle, this study offers insights that could extend to wild species, offering a tool for conservationists to monitor and manage animal health and well-being less invasively.
摘要
监测包括心率（HR）在内的生理指标对于管理从精准畜牧业到野生动物保护等不同环境中的动物福利至关重要。心率是能量消耗和压力的可靠指标，但心率记录仪的侵入性限制了它们在野生和自由放养物种中的应用。本研究探讨了用外部加速度计测量的整体动态身体加速度（ODBA）是否可以作为HR的侵入性较小的替代指标。我们以挪威的自由放养牛为模型物种，研究了ODBA和HR之间的关系，以评估外部加速度计如何间接反映类似野外条件下的生理状态。牛提供了一个理想的模型，因为它们与野生食草动物有一些共同的特征，包括暴露在不同的地形和潜在的捕食中，同时为处理和传感器检索提供了优势。我们的研究结果表明，低ODBA值对应于静态行为（如站立、反刍），其中小动作会导致心率峰值，而高ODBA则反映了动态活动（如行走、觅食），心率趋于平稳。这种关系表明，在直接人力资源测量具有挑战性的环境中，ODBA可用于近似人力资源。通过使用加速度计来推断自由放养牛的心率变化，这项研究提供了可以扩展到野生物种的见解，为环保主义者提供了一种监测和管理动物健康和福祉的工具。
关键词：加速度计，生物记录仪，Bos taurus，挪威，反刍动物，StarOddi心率温度记录器
