IPS在加拿大拉布拉多地区沿海水域季节性冰厚度监测中的应用
Abstract
The Ice Profiling Sonar (IPS) is an example of an Upward-Looking Sonar (ULS) that provides continuous (1-2 Hz), high-resolution (1 cm vertical, ~1 m horizontal) measurement of ice draft. The IPS is typically installed on a subsurface mooring anchored to the seabed and has been used in data-logged and real-time configurations since the early 1990s. Used repeatedly over many years, the IPS has helped develop long time-series (25+ years) of Arctic ice conditions in a changing climate.
ASL has recently completed a second field test of a prototype IPS with a logarithmic detector module, the IPS5L. The IPS5L was deployed in seasonally ice-covered waters near Nain, Labrador in collaboration with the Nunatsiavut Government via a through-ice deployment from February - October 2020. The site was positioned downstream of an area which becomes icefree through the winter due to currents and winds, locally known as a “rattle”. The measurements were made in 87 m water depth and are anticipated to provide insights into the biological activity that is fostered by the rattle, and the ice conditions around the rattle. The higher dynamic range of the IPS5L is expected to lead to the measurement of the full echo amplitude response of various acoustic targets including level ice, deformed ice, calm and rough open water, and sediment and zooplankton clouds in the water column. These features will also allow the IPS5L to characterize ice in a harbour and narrow waterway where safety
of snowmobiles is important.
摘要：
冰剖面声纳（IPS）是向上声纳（ULS）的一个例子，它提供连续（1-2Hz）、高分辨率（垂直1cm，水平约1m）的冰吃水测量。IPS通常安装在锚定在海底的地下系泊装置上，自20世纪90年代初以来，它已被用于数据记录和实时配置。多年来反复使用，IPS帮助在不断变化的气候中开发了北极冰情的长时间序列（25年以上）。
ASL最近完成了带有对数探测器模块IPS5L的原型IPS的第二次现场测试。2020年2月至10月，IPS5L与Nunatsiavut政府合作，通过透冰部署部署在拉布拉多奈因附近的季节性冰盖水域。该地点位于一个因洋流和风而在冬季无冰的地区的下游，当地称之为“嘎嘎声”。这些测量是在87米深的水中进行的，预计将提供对拨浪鼓所促进的生物活动以及拨浪鼓周围冰况的见解。IPS5L的较高动态范围有望测量各种声目标的全回波振幅响应，包括水平冰、变形冰、平静和粗糙的开阔水域以及水柱中的沉积物和浮游动物云。这些特征还将使IPS5L能够表征港口和狭窄水道中的冰，在这些地方，雪地摩托的安全非常重要。
关键词：冰剖面声纳（IPS），冰厚度监测，回声测冰，声学后向散射，回声探测仪 ASL
