Songscape声学软件在鸟类声景与认知景观中的应用
Abstract
The soundscape is proposed as a phe nomenological entity with which to investigate environmental complexity. In particular, the avian soundtope, which is defined as a place in which sound is intentionally structured by different bird species, is regarded as an agency acting to achieve several goals. In fact, the soundtope could be viewed as a special case of an eco-field used by birds, not only to establish territorial ownership and patrol an area but also as a means of locating and evaluating the availability of many other material and immaterial resources. The meaning of the multifaceted acoustic pattern produced by bird communities during the breeding season is discussed here under the acoustic niche hypothesis in terms of community coalescence and the permanent establishment of an inter-specific communication network. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal dimensions of a bird soundscape have also been analyzed and discussed in terms of their relationship with environmental proxies. A new Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), coupled with the implementation (ACI plug-in) of a specific sound editor (WaveSurfer ), is proposed as a way of processing sound data efficiently, thus providing new opportunities to use the bird soundscape signature for landscape characterization and describing the eco logical dynamics of long-term monitoring schemes.
摘要：
声景被提议为一种现象学实体，用以探究环境复杂性。具体而言，鸟类声景（即不同鸟类有意构建声音的空间）被视为一种能实现多重目标的媒介。事实上，声景可视作鸟类利用的生态场特殊形态，不仅用于确立领地所有权和巡逻区域，更是一种定位并评估其他物质与非物质资源可用性的手段。本文根据声学生态位假说，从群落融合和种间通信网络的永久建立的角度讨论了鸟类群落在繁殖季节产生的多方面声学模式的意义。此外，还分析和讨论了鸟类声景的空间和时间维度与环境代表的关系。提出了一种新的声学复杂性指数（ACI），结合特定声音编辑器（WaveSurfer）的实现（ACI插件），作为有效处理声音数据的一种方式，从而为使用鸟类声景特征进行景观表征和描述长期监测方案的生态动态提供了新的机会。
关键词：Songscape声学分析软件，Wildlife Acoustics，野生动物声学监测，声学记录器，被动式声学记录器
