SM3自主记录仪在长臂猿监测中的应用
Abstract
Population monitoring is very important in wildlife management and conservation. All 18 species of gibbons are considered threatened with extinction and listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Thus, understanding and effectively monitoring their population trends and distribution are critical. Thus far, all gibbon surveying and monitoring programs have been conducted by human surveyors; this is expensive, laborious, and dependent on the surveyors’skills. In particular, estimating group density often requires a large sample size with several skilled observers working simultaneously in the field. We used autonomous recorders to record the calls of southern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus gabbrielae) for at least 3 days at each of 57 posts in Nam Cat Tien sector, Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam from July to October, 2016. We extracted gibbon calls from the recordings auditorily or visually using spectrograms in RAVEN software. We detected gibbon calls at 40 recording posts during the survey. The proportion of recorders with gibbon calls in the eastern region of Nam Cat Tien sector (mean = 0.79; SE = 0.13) was higher than that in the western region (mean = 0.46; SE = 0.11). The estimated probability of occurrence in the eastern region (ψ = 0.56; SE = 0.20) was higher than that in the western region (ψ = 0.23; SE = 0.16). Passive acoustic data were useful to investigate spatial variation in the probability of occurrence of gibbon. We recommend using autonomous recorders combined with occupancy model to complement human surveyors in gibbon monitoring in areas with low gibbon density because it is efficient, low cost, and not subject to errors caused by human surveyors. In the areas of high gibbon density, absolute density estimate achieved by human surveyors might be a more suitable indicator.
摘要：
种群监测在野生动物管理和保护中非常重要。所有18种长臂猿都被认为濒临灭绝，并被列入国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录。因此，了解和有效监测其人口趋势和分布至关重要。到目前为止，所有长臂猿的测量和监测项目都是由人类测量员进行的；这既昂贵又费力，而且取决于测量员的技能。特别是，估计群体密度通常需要几个熟练的观察者在现场同时工作的大样本量。2016年7月至10月，我们使用自主记录仪在越南Cat Tien国家公园Nam Cat Tien区的57个哨所分别记录了南黄颊冠长臂猿（Nomascus gabbrielae）至少3天的叫声。我们使用RAVEN软件中的频谱图从录音中听觉或视觉提取长臂猿叫声。在调查期间，我们在40个录音站发现了长臂猿的叫声。Nam Cat Tien区东部地区长臂猿叫声记录者的比例（平均=0.79；SE=0.13）高于西部地区（平均=0.46；SE=0.11）。东部地区的估计发生概率（ψ=0.56；SE=0.20）高于西部地区（ψ=0.23；SE=0.16）。被动声学数据有助于研究长臂猿发生概率的空间变化。我们建议在长臂猿密度较低的地区使用自主记录仪结合占用模型来补充人工测量员对长臂猿的监测，因为它高效、成本低，不受人工测量员造成的误差的影响。在长臂猿密度较高的地区，人类测量员获得的绝对密度估计可能是一个更合适的指标。
关键词：生物声学，SM3声学记录仪，野生动物监测，黑冠长臂猿，Nomascus，占据模式，灵长类动物。
