AZFP论文：不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海三个地点磷虾类昼夜垂直迁移季节性的地理差异
Abstract：
Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a behaviour observed across zooplankton taxa in marine and limnetic systems worldwide. DVM influences biogeochemical cycling and carbon drawdown in oceanic systems and alters prey availability for zooplanktivorous species. DVM has been well studied among zooplankton, and many exogenous and endogenous triggers as well as adaptive significances have been hypothesized. However, second-order variability in DVM timing, the deviation of DVM times to respective dawn and dusk times throughout the year, is a less-studied phenomenon that can help identify the factors influencing migration timing as well as demonstrate the changes of DVM behaviours within and across systems. Here, we quantified seasonal trends in second-order variability of DVM timing of euphausiids at Brooks Peninsula, Clayoquot Canyon, and Saanich Inlet near Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, over multiple years using upward-facing moored echosounders. We used generalized additive mixed models to characterize this seasonality. DVM timing relative to civil twilight times showed strong seasonality at all locations, with euphausiids remaining near the surface longer than expected in spring and summer, and shorter than expected in winter. Euphausiids spent less time near the surface at Brooks Peninsula and Clayoquot Canyon than at Saanich Inlet throughout the year. Increased primary productivity in Saanich Inlet, which reduced light penetration and hid euphausiids from visual predators, likely drove this difference. Our findings confirm that proper understanding of DVM behaviours must account for seasonal variability due to context-specific oceanographic and ecological parameters. This is particularly pertinent when attempting to model the biogeochemical or predator–prey interactions influenced by DVM behaviours.
摘要：
昼夜垂直迁移（DVM）是在全球海洋和湖泊系统中的浮游动物分类群中观察到的一种行为。DVM影响海洋系统中的生物地球化学循环和碳减少，改变了浮游动物物种的猎物可用性。DVM在浮游动物中得到了很好的研究，并提出了许多外源和内源性触发因素以及适应性意义。然而，DVM时间的二阶变异性，即DVM时间与全年黎明和黄昏时间的偏差，是一个研究较少的现象，可以帮助确定影响迁移时间的因素，并证明系统内和系统间DVM行为的变化。在这里，我们使用向上发射的系泊回声探测仪，量化了多年来加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华岛附近布鲁克斯半岛、克拉约科峡谷和萨尼奇湾幼发鱼DVM时间二阶变化的季节趋势。我们使用广义加性混合模型来表征这种季节性。与民用黄昏时间相比，DVM时间在所有地点都表现出强烈的季节性，幼发拉底兽在春季和夏季留在地表的时间比预期的长，在冬季比预期的短。全年，Euphausiids在布鲁克斯半岛和Clayoquot峡谷靠近地表的时间比在Saanich Inlet要短。Saanich Inlet初级生产力的提高，降低了光的穿透率，并使胡尾藻免受视觉捕食者的伤害，这可能是造成这种差异的原因。我们的研究结果证实，对DVM行为的正确理解必须考虑到由于特定环境的海洋和生态参数导致的季节性变化。当试图模拟受DVM行为影响的生物地球化学或捕食者-猎物相互作用时，这一点尤其重要。
关键词：主动声学、生物海洋学、昼夜垂直迁徙、磷虾、捕食者-猎物相互作用、时间序列、浮游动物。
