Biopsy sampling of red muscle does not affect physiological performances in rainbow trout
肌肉活检取样是否对虹鳟鱼的生理表现产生影响
Abstract
Muscular biopsy is a non-lethal muscle sampling technique allowing for the fish to be returned to its natural environment or its tank after sampling. This technique offers the opportunity for the scientific community and fish farmers to carry out assays on very small muscle samples (between 1 and 40 mg) such as heavy metal, trace elements, lipid composition or muscle energetic metabolism to evaluate, for instance, the health of the fish. The aim of the present study was to determine if a red muscle biopsy affects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) survival and their physiological performances (swimming and hypoxia resistances). Each group, fish that had a biopsy (n = 30) or fish that did not (n = 30), was subsequently tested for either a hypoxia resistance test (HRT) or a swimming resistance test (SRT). HRT and SRT were conducted 7- and 10-days post-surgery (dps), respectively. Biopsy had no effect on hypoxia resistance and on swimming parameters (sustained and critical swimming speeds, tail beat frequency, routine and maximal oxygen consumptions). Even if no significant effect was observed between control and biopsy groups on morphometric parameters (body weight variation and condition factors), all the trout lost weight which can be explained by a post-surgery trauma such as human manipulation stress or a local inflammation. More specifically, body weight variation was significantly more important in the 7-dps group compared to the 10-dps group which had the opportunity to eat three more days compared to the 7-dps group. Corroborated with a principal component analysis, we showed that a red muscle biopsy is a good approach as it had no effect on whole-animal performance 7- and 10-dps and it had no effect their survival.
肌肉活检是一种非致命的肌肉取样技术，允许在取样后将鱼放回其自然环境或鱼缸。这项技术为科学界和养鱼户提供了对非常小的肌肉样本（1 到 40 毫克之间）进行测定的机会，例如重金属、微量元素、脂质成分或肌肉能量代谢，以评估鱼的健康状况。本研究的目的是确定红肌活检是否会影响虹鳟鱼 （Oncorhynchus mykiss） 的存活率及其生理表现（游泳和耐缺氧性）。每组，进行活检的鱼 （n = 30） 或未进行活检的鱼 （n = 30），随后进行缺氧抵抗试验 （HRT） 或游泳抵抗试验 （SRT） 的测试。HRT 和 SRT 分别在术后 7 天和 10 天 （dps） 进行。活检对耐缺氧性和游泳参数（持续和临界游泳速度、尾拍频率、常规和最大耗氧量）没有影响。即使对照组和活检组之间没有观察到对形态测量参数（体重变化和条件因素）的显着影响，所有鳟鱼的体重都减轻了，这可以用术后创伤来解释，例如人体作压力或局部炎症。更具体地说，与 7-dps 组相比，10-dps 组的体重变化明显更重要，与 7-dps 组相比，10-dps 组有机会多吃三天。在主成分分析的证实下，我们表明红肌活检是一种很好的方法，因为它对全动物的 7 和 10 dps 表现没有影响，也没有影响它们的生存。
Keywords
Muscle biopsy：Rainbow trout：Hypoxia resistance：Swimming performance：Morphological aftercare
关键字
肌肉活检：虹鳟鱼：抗缺氧性：游泳表现：形态学：术后护理
Throughout the SRT, the trout oxygen consumption (ṀO2) was measured with an oxygen meter (Witrox 1, Loligo®Systems) in order to determine routine and maximal ṀO2. Every step, water was reoxygenated for 1 min. Routine ṀO2 (ṀO2 rout), allowing to obtain the routine metabolic rate (RMR), was determined by selecting a data range of 20 min during acclimatation stage in the swimming tunnel. Maximal ṀO2 (ṀO2 max), allowing to obtain maximal metabolic rate (MMR), corresponds to the peak of trout oxygen consumption during SRT.
